VAE Precordial Doppler Sensitivity — FRCA Final MCQ

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ModerateNeuroanaesthesiaVAE Precordial Doppler SensitivityFRCA Final

Most sensitive non-invasive VAE monitor during sitting craniotomy:

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Correct answer: E — Pulse oximetry

Precordial Doppler detects as little as 0.05 mL/kg air. Sensitivity hierarchy: TOE > Doppler > ETCO2 > PA pressure > clinical signs.

Reference: NACCS – 2023 – Neuroanaesthesia