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OKC Recurrence — ORE Part 1 MCQ

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HardOral PathologyOKC RecurrenceORE Part 1

A patient presents with a large recurrent radiolucent lesion at the surgical site following previous enucleation of a jaw cyst. The original histopathology reported a parakeratinised lining with palisading basal cells. What was the most likely original diagnosis?

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Correct answer: AOdontogenic keratocyst

The combination of parakeratinised epithelium with palisading basal cells is pathognomonic for odontogenic keratocyst (OKC). This histological triad—parakeratinisation (not ortho-keratinisation), prominent basal palisading, and thin epithelium with a flat epithelial–stromal interface—is diagnostic. The recurrence at the surgical site after enucleation further supports OKC diagnosis: simple enucleation carries a 17–56% recurrence rate, reflecting the lesion's aggressive biological behaviour and propensity for proliferation from remnant epithelium or satellite lesions. In contrast, radicular cysts show chronically inflamed non-keratinised epithelium without palisading; dentigerous and lateral periodontal cysts are non-keratinised and have low recurrence; and traumatic bone cysts are often non-epithelialised pseudocysts. The clinical presentation of recurrence further strengthens OKC as the diagnosis, since recurrence is characteristic of this lesion and relatively uncommon in other odontogenic cysts.

Reference: Immunohistochemical Characterization of Reactive Epithelial Changes in Odontogenic Keratocysts, Graziadei et al., BMC Oral Health (2020); Systematic review of the treatment and prognosis of the odontogenic keratocyst, Pogrel & Regezi (2001); Clinicopathologic features associated with recurrence of the odontogenic keratocyst, Nishihara et al., Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (2016). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31628579/ and https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11077375/