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Cardiorenal Syndrome Type 1 — ESENeph MCQ

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ModerateChronic Kidney DiseaseCardiorenal Syndrome Type 1ESENeph

A 42-year-old woman presents with the cardiorenal syndrome. She has heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (LVEF 25%) and CKD G4 (eGFR 20). Her creatinine has worsened during aggressive diuresis for heart failure decompensation. According to the cardiorenal syndrome classification, what type is this?

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Correct answer: D — Type 1 (acute cardiorenal)

Cardiorenal syndrome is classified into 5 types: Type 1 = acute cardiac dysfunction leading to AKI; Type 2 = chronic cardiac dysfunction leading to progressive CKD; Type 3 = acute kidney injury leading to acute cardiac dysfunction; Type 4 = CKD leading to chronic cardiac disease; Type 5 = systemic conditions (e.g. sepsis, diabetes) affecting both heart and kidneys. This patient has acute worsening of renal function in the context of heart failure decompensation (Type 1). However, her chronic CKD from chronic heart failure also qualifies as Type 2. The acute presentation fits Type 1 best.

Reference: Ronco et al 2008 – Cardiorenal Syndrome Classification; KDIGO 2024 – CKD