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Diuretic Resistance Nephrotic Syndrome — ESENeph MCQ

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HardElectrolyte DisordersDiuretic Resistance Nephrotic SyndromeESENeph

A 50-year-old man with nephrotic syndrome from MCD has massive oedema. He is on Furosemide 120 mg BD but response is poor. His albumin is 10 g/L. What is contributing to diuretic resistance in nephrotic syndrome?

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Correct answer: CHypoalbuminaemia causes reduced delivery of protein-bound Furosemide to its site of action in the Loop of Henle

In severe nephrotic syndrome, diuretic resistance occurs through multiple mechanisms: (1) Furosemide is highly protein-bound (>95%); severe hypoalbuminaemia reduces delivery to the proximal tubule where it is secreted into the tubular lumen; (2) once in the lumen, Furosemide binds to filtered albumin, reducing the free drug available to inhibit NKCC2 in the Loop of Henle; (3) intense RAAS activation causes avid distal sodium reabsorption. Strategies include IV Furosemide (bypasses GI absorption issues), combining with Metolazone, and cautious IV albumin co-infusion (controversial).

Reference: https://guidelines.ukkidney.org