Diuretic Resistance Nephrotic Syndrome — ESENeph MCQ
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Correct answer: C — Hypoalbuminaemia causes reduced delivery of protein-bound Furosemide to its site of action in the Loop of Henle
In severe nephrotic syndrome, diuretic resistance occurs through multiple mechanisms: (1) Furosemide is highly protein-bound (>95%); severe hypoalbuminaemia reduces delivery to the proximal tubule where it is secreted into the tubular lumen; (2) once in the lumen, Furosemide binds to filtered albumin, reducing the free drug available to inhibit NKCC2 in the Loop of Henle; (3) intense RAAS activation causes avid distal sodium reabsorption. Strategies include IV Furosemide (bypasses GI absorption issues), combining with Metolazone, and cautious IV albumin co-infusion (controversial).
Reference: https://guidelines.ukkidney.org