ESA Target Ceiling Rationale — ESENeph MCQ
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Correct answer: A — Target 100-115 g/L; exceeding 130 g/L increases cardiovascular events, stroke, and vascular access thrombosis
KDIGO 2025 anemia guideline recommends individualising ESA therapy but generally maintaining Hb 100-115 g/L. Hb should not intentionally be maintained above 130 g/L (TREAT, CREATE, CHOIR trials showed increased cardiovascular events, stroke, and mortality at higher targets). In transplant candidates, avoiding unnecessary transfusions is crucial (HLA sensitisation risk), making ESAs particularly valuable – but always within the safe Hb range.
Reference: KDIGO 2025 – Anemia in CKD; NICE NG8 2021