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ESA Target Ceiling Rationale — ESENeph MCQ

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ModerateChronic Kidney DiseaseESA Target Ceiling RationaleESENeph

A 45-year-old woman with CKD G4 (eGFR 22 mL/min/1.73m2) has a haemoglobin of 82 g/L and is being started on an ESA. She is a potential transplant candidate. What is the target haemoglobin range and why is it important not to exceed the upper limit?

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Correct answer: ATarget 100-115 g/L; exceeding 130 g/L increases cardiovascular events, stroke, and vascular access thrombosis

KDIGO 2025 anemia guideline recommends individualising ESA therapy but generally maintaining Hb 100-115 g/L. Hb should not intentionally be maintained above 130 g/L (TREAT, CREATE, CHOIR trials showed increased cardiovascular events, stroke, and mortality at higher targets). In transplant candidates, avoiding unnecessary transfusions is crucial (HLA sensitisation risk), making ESAs particularly valuable – but always within the safe Hb range.

Reference: KDIGO 2025 – Anemia in CKD; NICE NG8 2021