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Reflux Nephropathy — ESENeph MCQ

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EasyChronic Kidney DiseaseReflux NephropathyESENeph

A 30-year-old woman presents with recurrent UTIs and CKD G3a. DMSA scan shows bilateral small scarred kidneys. She was treated for vesicoureteral reflux in childhood. Her BP is 148/94 mmHg. What is the underlying diagnosis?

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Correct answer: E — Reflux nephropathy (chronic pyelonephritis)

Bilateral small scarred kidneys on DMSA with a history of childhood vesicoureteral reflux and recurrent UTIs is classic for reflux nephropathy (previously called chronic pyelonephritis). This is one of the commoner causes of CKD in young adults. It is associated with hypertension and proteinuria. Management includes BP control (RASi preferred if proteinuria present), UTI prevention, and CKD monitoring.

Reference: NICE CG54 2017 – UTI in Children; UKKA CKD Guidelines