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Red Man Syndrome Management — SCE Infectious Diseases MCQ

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EasyAntimicrobial StewardshipRed Man Syndrome ManagementSCE Infectious Diseases

A 50-year-old man develops hospital-acquired MRSA pneumonia. He is allergic to Vancomycin (Red Man Syndrome — infusion reaction, not true allergy). What approach allows continued Vancomycin use?

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Correct answer: ASlow the infusion rate to ≥2 hours and pre-medicate with IV Chlorphenamine — Red Man Syndrome is a histamine-mediated infusion reaction, not true allergy

Red Man Syndrome (RMS) is NOT a true IgE-mediated allergy. It is caused by direct histamine release from mast cells triggered by rapid Vancomycin infusion. Management is: (1) slow the infusion rate (administer over ≥2 hours, or even longer for large doses), (2) pre-medicate with an antihistamine (IV Chlorphenamine or Cetirizine) 30–60 minutes before infusion. With these measures, most patients can tolerate Vancomycin safely. This distinction from true allergy is critical — mislabelling RMS as allergy permanently deprives patients of Vancomycin unnecessarily.

Reference: BNF 2024 – Vancomycin; BSAC 2023 – Glycopeptide prescribing