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Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis — SCE Infectious Diseases MCQ

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HardBone & Joint InfectionProsthetic Valve EndocarditisSCE Infectious Diseases

A 60-year-old man with recent aortic valve replacement develops endocarditis at 6 weeks post-surgery. Blood cultures grow Staphylococcus epidermidis (methicillin-resistant, Vancomycin MIC 1 mg/L, Rifampicin-sensitive, Gentamicin-sensitive). What is the standard antibiotic regimen and duration?

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Correct answer: BIV Vancomycin for ≥6 weeks plus oral Rifampicin for ≥6 weeks plus IV Gentamicin for the first 2 weeks

Early prosthetic valve endocarditis (<12 months post-surgery) with methicillin-resistant CoNS (S. epidermidis) requires triple therapy per ESC 2023 guidelines: IV Vancomycin (backbone, ≥6 weeks) plus oral Rifampicin (anti-biofilm, ≥6 weeks, started after blood cultures are sterile) plus IV Gentamicin (synergy, first 2 weeks only). The minimum treatment duration is 6 weeks from the first negative blood culture or from the date of valve surgery if re-operation is performed. Rifampicin must never be used as monotherapy.

Reference: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/conditions-and-diseases/infections