Endomyocardial Fibrosis — EECC MCQ

Correct answer: B — Endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF) — the most common cause of restrictive cardiomyopathy worldwide, predominantly affecting tropical and subtropical regions

Endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF) is the most common cause of restrictive cardiomyopathy globally, predominantly affecting tropical regions of Africa, South America, and Asia. It is characterised by fibrosis and thickening of the endocardium, often with obliteration of the ventricular apex by thrombus and fibrotic tissue. EMF may affect one or both ventricles and leads to restrictive physiology. The aetiology is likely multifactorial (infection, hypereosinophilia, malnutrition, genetic factors). It is distinct from Löffler endocarditis (which is the early eosinophilic phase of endomyocardial disease seen in temperate climates). Treatment is largely medical (diuretics, anticoagulation for intracardiac thrombus); surgical endocardectomy may be considered in severe cases.

Reference: ESC (2023): Guidelines on Cardiomyopathies