WHO Analgesic Ladder Current Status — SCE Palliative Medicine MCQ
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Correct answer: C — The 2018 WHO guidelines reaffirm its value but advise flexible use—initiating at whichever step is appropriate to pain severity rather than starting rigidly at step 1
Explanation lettering: D = shown as A · A = shown as B · E = shown as D · B = shown as E
Modern WHO guidance (2018) maintains the three‑step analgesic ladder as a useful framework but explicitly supports flexibility—clinicians should select the starting step based on initial pain severity rather than rigidly beginning at step 1. UK NHS palliative care guidelines reinforce this: moderate pain may begin at step 2 or 3 and severe pain at step 3; omitting step 2 is considered safe and feasible. Options A, B, D and E are inconsistent with current WHO and UK practice.
Reference: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/conditions-and-diseases/cancer/palliative-care