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Acid-Base Balance Disorders

Assessment and management of metabolic and respiratory acidosis and alkalosis.

Reviewed by Dr Kola Tytler MBBS CertHE MBA MSt MRCGP (General Practitioner)
Last reviewed: 21 October 2025
NephrologyCritical CareRespiratoryEndocrinology
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Clinical Guidelines

Chinese Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of “CKD-MBD” (2022 Edition)
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Chinese Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of “CKD-MBD” (2022)
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ESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition in hospitalized patients with kidney disease
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Guidelines for parenteral and enteral nutrition in geriatric patients in China (2020)
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ISFM consensus guidelines on the diagnosis and management of chronic kidney disease in cats
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ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2022
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