How should I approach the investigation of a palpable breast lump in a premenopausal woman?
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
clinical q&a library
Explore a database of clinical questions answered by iatroX, referencing established clinical guidelines, SmPCs, and peer-reviewed literature.
How can I address and manage maternal anxiety related to breastfeeding difficulties?
Addressing and managing maternal anxiety related to breastfeeding difficulties involves a combination of assessment, support, and appropriate mental ...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What criteria should I use to determine when to refer a breastfeeding mother to a lactation consultant?
Refer a breastfeeding mother to a lactation consultant when there are ongoing concerns about breastfeeding that cannot be resolved by initial assessment and ...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
How can I support a mother experiencing low milk supply while ensuring the infant's nutritional needs are met?
Support for a mother experiencing low milk supply should begin with a thorough breastfeeding assessment by a skilled practitioner. This incl...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the most effective strategies for managing common breastfeeding issues such as nipple pain and engorgement?
Effective strategies for managing nipple pain during breastfeeding include:Ensuring correct positioning and attachment of the ba...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What follow-up protocols should be implemented for male breast cancer survivors in primary care?
Follow-up protocols for male breast cancer survivors in primary care should include an agreed, written care plan documented by a named healthcare professiona...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
How should I manage a male patient diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer in terms of treatment options?
Management of a male patient diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer should follow the same principles as for female patients, as the NICE guideline on earl...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the current guidelines for referring a male patient with suspected breast cancer to secondary care?
Referral of a male patient with suspected breast cancer to secondary care should be made urgently. Any male with a first-degree relative dia...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
Which imaging modalities are recommended for the diagnosis of male breast cancer in primary care?
In primary care, the recommended imaging modalities for diagnosing male breast cancer begin with clinical assessment followed by targeted imaging. Ultrasound...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
How can I support a patient with breast cancer in managing treatment-related side effects?
To support a patient with breast cancer in managing treatment-related side effects, ensure they have a named clinical nurse specialist or key worker to provi...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the recommended management strategies for early-stage breast cancer in postmenopausal women?
Management of early-stage breast cancer in postmenopausal women primarily involves surgery followed by adjuvant systemic therapies tailored to tumour biology...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What criteria should I use to refer a patient for further investigation of suspected breast cancer?
Referral criteria for suspected breast cancer include:Consider a suspected cancer pathway referral for an unexplained axillary l...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
How should I approach the diagnosis of breast cancer in a patient presenting with a palpable breast lump?
When a patient presents with a palpable breast lump, the initial approach should involve a thorough clinical assessment followed by appropriate urgent referr...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the current guidelines for breast cancer screening in women aged 50-70 in the UK?
Breast cancer screening guidelines for women aged 50 to 70 years in the United Kingdom recommend offering mammographic surveillance as part ...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What resources or support services are available for patients and families after receiving bad news in a primary care setting?
Following the delivery of bad news in a primary care setting, patients and their families should be offered tailored information and support that addresses t...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
How should I approach a follow-up conversation with a patient who has received bad news and is experiencing emotional distress?
Approach the follow-up conversation with empathy and sufficient time to allow the patient to express their feelings and concerns openly, ack...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the key elements to include when delivering a diagnosis of a terminal illness to a patient?
Key elements when delivering a diagnosis of a terminal illness to a patient include:Assess the patient’s communication n...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
How can I assess a patient's readiness to receive bad news during a consultation?
To assess a patient's readiness to receive bad news during a consultation, first establish the patient's current understanding and expectations about...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What communication frameworks are recommended for breaking bad news to patients in primary care?
Recommended communication frameworks for breaking bad news in primary care include:Establish a conducive environment:...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What multidisciplinary team involvement is essential for the management of patients with metastatic brain tumours?
The management of patients with metastatic brain tumours requires involvement of a neuro-oncology multidisciplinary team, which should include neuro-oncologi...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →