How can I differentiate Bowen's disease from other skin lesions during a clinical examination?
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
clinical q&a library
Explore a database of clinical questions answered by iatroX, referencing established clinical guidelines, SmPCs, and peer-reviewed literature.
What criteria should I use to determine when to refer a patient with small bowel obstruction for surgical evaluation?
Criteria for referral of a patient with small bowel obstruction for surgical evaluation include:Signs of complicated obs...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What initial management steps should be taken for a patient with suspected small bowel obstruction before referral to secondary care?
Initial management steps for a patient with suspected small bowel obstruction before referral to secondary care include:...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
Which imaging modalities are most effective for confirming a diagnosis of small bowel obstruction in primary care?
In primary care, the most effective imaging modality for confirming a diagnosis of small bowel obstruction (SBO) is abdominal X-ray, as it is widely accessib...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the criteria for urgent referral to a surgeon for a patient with large bowel obstruction?
Urgent referral to a surgeon for a patient presenting with large bowel obstruction is indicated when the obstruction is acute and potentially curative treatm...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What initial management steps should be taken for a patient with suspected large bowel obstruction before referral to secondary care?
Initial management steps for a patient with suspected large bowel obstruction before referral to secondary care include:...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
Which imaging modalities are most effective for confirming a diagnosis of large bowel obstruction in adults?
The most effective imaging modality for confirming a diagnosis of large bowel obstruction in adults is computed tomography (CT) scanning. CT...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the key clinical features that suggest a diagnosis of large bowel obstruction in a primary care setting?
Key clinical features suggesting a diagnosis of large bowel obstruction in primary care include:Colicky abdominal pain associate...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the potential complications of botulism that I should monitor for in affected patients?
Potential complications of botulism to monitor in affected patients include progressive muscle weakness leading to respiratory failure, dysphagia, an...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
How should I approach the management of a suspected botulism case in a primary care setting before hospital referral?
Management of suspected botulism in primary care before hospital referral:Recognise the urgency: Botulism is a ...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the key clinical features to consider when diagnosing botulism in a patient presenting with neurological symptoms?
Key clinical features to consider when diagnosing botulism in a patient presenting with neurological symptoms include:Sy...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the common metastatic sites for primary bone cancers, and how should I monitor for these in follow-up care?
Common metastatic sites for primary bone cancers include the lungs, other bones, and less commonly the brain. The lungs are the most frequen...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
How should I approach the management of pain in a patient diagnosed with osteosarcoma undergoing treatment?
Management of pain in a patient with osteosarcoma undergoing treatment should begin with an individualised pain assessment that evaluates the severity, locat...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the referral criteria for a suspected case of primary bone cancer to a specialist service?
Consider a very urgent referral (for an appointment within 48 hours) for specialist assessment if an X-ray suggests the possibility of bone sarcoma in childr...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
Which imaging modalities are recommended for the initial assessment of suspected primary bone cancer in primary care?
For the initial assessment of suspected primary bone cancer in primary care, a plain X-ray is recommended as the first imaging modality. If the X-ray suggest...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the key clinical features that differentiate osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, and chondrosarcoma in a young patient presenting with bone pain?
Osteosarcoma typically presents in adolescents and young adults with localized bone pain and swelling, often around the metaphysis of long b...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What investigations are necessary for a patient with a suspected deep skin infection that is not responding to initial treatment?
For a patient with a suspected deep skin infection that is not responding to initial treatment, the necessary investigations include microbiological ...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the recommended first-line treatments for a patient presenting with a boil or carbuncle in primary care?
First-line treatment for a boil or carbuncle in primary care typically involves incision and drainage as the primary management step to remo...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
When should I consider referring a patient for a specialist evaluation regarding their need for blood transfusion?
Consider referring a patient for specialist evaluation regarding their need for blood transfusion in the following situations:Wh...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the recommended practices for ensuring the safe administration of blood products in a primary care setting?
Monitor the patient's condition and vital signs before, during, and after blood transfusions to detect acute transfusion reactions that may ...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →