How can I differentiate Alagille Syndrome from other causes of cholestasis in children?
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
clinical q&a library
Explore a database of clinical questions answered by iatroX, referencing established clinical guidelines, SmPCs, and peer-reviewed literature.
What are the key clinical features of Alagille Syndrome that I should look for during a routine examination?
Key clinical features of Alagille syndrome to identify during a routine examination include:Characteristic facial featur...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the potential side effects of topical corticosteroids used in the management of discoid eczema?
Topical corticosteroids used in the management of discoid eczema can cause several potential side effects. Continuous use of potent or very potent corticoste...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
When should I consider referring a patient with discoid eczema to a dermatologist?
Consider referring a patient with discoid eczema to a dermatologist if:the diagnosis is uncertain or the presentation is atypica...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What lifestyle modifications should I advise patients with discoid eczema to help manage their condition?
Lifestyle modifications for patients with discoid eczema to help manage their condition include:Use emollients regularly and lib...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
How can I differentiate discoid eczema from other types of dermatitis during a clinical examination?
Discoid eczema (nummular eczema) can be differentiated from other types of dermatitis during clinical examination by its characteristic presentation ...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the recommended first-line treatments for discoid eczema in adults?
First-line treatments for discoid eczema in adults primarily involve the use of emollients and topical corticosteroids.Emollients sho...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
How can I differentiate between neurological and ocular causes of diplopia in a primary care setting?
To differentiate between neurological and ocular causes of diplopia in a primary care setting, start with a detailed history and focused clinical exa...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
Which red flag symptoms in a patient with double vision warrant immediate referral to secondary care?
Red flag symptoms in a patient presenting with double vision that warrant immediate referral to secondary care include:New-onset...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What laboratory tests are essential for confirming a diagnosis of diphtheria in a suspected case?
Essential laboratory tests for confirming a diagnosis of diphtheria include:Culture of throat or lesion swabs o...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
When should I consider referring a patient with suspected diphtheria to secondary care for further management?
Consider referring a patient with suspected diphtheria to secondary care immediately for further management if:There is clinical...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the common management strategies for patients with DiGeorge Syndrome, particularly regarding immunological support?
Management strategies for patients with DiGeorge syndrome (22q11.2 deletion syndrome) focus on multidisciplinary care, with particular attention to i...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
Which genetic tests are recommended for confirming a diagnosis of DiGeorge Syndrome?
Recommended genetic tests for confirming a diagnosis of DiGeorge syndrome (22q11.2 deletion syndrome) primarily include fluorescence in situ hybridis...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the key clinical features to consider when diagnosing DiGeorge Syndrome in a child?
Key clinical features to consider when diagnosing DiGeorge syndrome (22q11.2 deletion syndrome) in a child include:Conge...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What monitoring parameters should be regularly assessed in patients undergoing dialysis?
Monitoring parameters for patients undergoing dialysis should include regular assessment of clinical fluid status, laboratory values, and fluid balan...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
When should I refer a patient to a nephrologist for consideration of renal replacement therapy?
Refer a patient to a nephrologist for consideration of renal replacement therapy (RRT) when:They have chronic kidney disease (CK...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the common complications associated with haemodialysis and how should they be managed in primary care?
Common complications associated with haemodialysis include:Symptoms related to uraemia and fluid overload such as breathlessness...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
How do I assess whether a patient is suitable for peritoneal dialysis versus haemodialysis?
Assess suitability for peritoneal dialysis by discussing with the patient the risk and benefits of the different types of dialysis access, such as peritoneal...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the key indications for initiating haemodialysis in patients with chronic kidney disease?
Key indications for initiating haemodialysis in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) include:Presence of symptoms of uraem...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
How can I differentiate between diabetic neuropathy and other causes of neuropathic pain in my patients?
To differentiate diabetic neuropathy from other causes of neuropathic pain, start with a detailed clinical history focusing on diabetes duration, glycaemic c...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →