How should I approach the management of jaundice in a term newborn, and when should I consider referral to a specialist?
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
clinical q&a library
Explore a database of clinical questions answered by iatroX, referencing established clinical guidelines, SmPCs, and peer-reviewed literature.
What are the key clinical signs of neonatal sepsis that I should be vigilant for in a newborn?
Key clinical signs of neonatal sepsis that healthcare professionals should be vigilant for include:Red flag signs:...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What antibiotics are recommended for the empirical treatment of necrotizing fasciitis in adults?
Empirical antibiotic treatment for necrotizing fasciitis in adults should cover a broad spectrum of pathogens including Gram-positive cocci,...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the key criteria for urgent referral of a patient with suspected necrotizing fasciitis?
Key criteria for urgent referral of a patient with suspected necrotizing fasciitis include:Presence of rapidly worsening symptom...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
How should I manage a patient with suspected necrotizing fasciitis before referring them to secondary care?
Immediate management of a patient with suspected necrotizing fasciitis before referral to secondary care includes:Urgent...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What initial investigations are recommended for a patient suspected of having necrotizing fasciitis in primary care?
In primary care, for a patient suspected of having necrotizing fasciitis, initial investigations should focus on clinical assessment and urgent referral rath...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What clinical features should I look for to differentiate necrotizing fasciitis from other soft tissue infections?
To differentiate necrotizing fasciitis (NF) from other soft tissue infections clinically, key features to look for include:...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the key signs and symptoms that indicate a potential airway compromise in a patient with neck trauma?
Key signs and symptoms indicating potential airway compromise in a patient with neck trauma include:Stridor or noisy breathing, ...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
When should I consider referring a patient with neck trauma to a specialist for further evaluation or management?
Consider referring a patient with neck trauma to a specialist for further evaluation or management if:There is clinical suspicio...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What imaging modalities are recommended for evaluating vascular injuries in patients with neck trauma?
For evaluating vascular injuries in patients with neck trauma, the recommended imaging modality is computed tomography angiography (CTA), which provides rapi...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
How can I differentiate between a penetrating neck injury that requires surgical intervention and one that can be managed conservatively?
Differentiating penetrating neck injuries that require surgical intervention from those manageable conservatively involves clinical assessment, imagi...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What initial assessment steps should I take for a patient presenting with a suspected blunt neck injury?
Initial assessment steps for a patient with suspected blunt neck injury:On arrival, use the ABCDE prioritising sequence to asses...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What investigations should be considered for a patient with a neck lump and associated systemic symptoms such as weight loss or night sweats?
A patient presenting with a neck lump and associated systemic symptoms such as weight loss or night sweats should be urgently investigated for possible lymph...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
How should I approach the management of a child presenting with a neck lump that is suspected to be a reactive lymph node?
When managing a child presenting with a neck lump suspected to be a reactive lymph node, the initial approach should focus on a thorough clinical assessment ...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the referral criteria for a neck lump that has been present for more than two weeks in a patient over 40 years old?
Consider a suspected cancer pathway referral for a neck lump that is unexplained and has been present for more than two weeks in a patient o...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
Which imaging modalities are recommended for the initial assessment of a neck mass in primary care?
For the initial assessment of a neck mass in primary care, ultrasound (US) is the recommended first-line imaging modality. Ultrasound provid...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the key clinical features to differentiate between benign and malignant neck lumps in adults?
Key clinical features used to differentiate between benign and malignant neck lumps in adults include:Age: Neck lumps in adults ...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What follow-up protocols should be in place for patients treated for nasopharyngeal carcinoma to monitor for recurrence?
Follow-up protocols for patients treated for nasopharyngeal carcinoma should include structured, risk-adapted follow-up using locally agreed protocol...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
How should I manage a patient with nasopharyngeal carcinoma who presents with significant weight loss and dysphagia?
Management of a patient with nasopharyngeal carcinoma presenting with significant weight loss and dysphagia involves:Ass...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the current guidelines for referring a patient with suspected nasopharyngeal carcinoma to an ENT specialist?
Refer a patient with suspected nasopharyngeal carcinoma to an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialist using a suspected cancer pathway referral if they presen...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →