clinical q&a library
Explore a database of clinical questions answered by iatroX, referencing established clinical guidelines, SmPCs, and peer-reviewed literature.
What criteria should I use to decide when to refer a patient with cervical spondylosis for specialist assessment?
Criteria for referral of a patient with cervical spondylosis for specialist assessment include:Presence of red flags suggesting ...
When should I consider referring a male patient with LUTS for urological evaluation?
Refer a male patient with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) for urological evaluation if they have LUTS complicated by recurrent or persistent urinary trac...
Which assessment tools are recommended for evaluating motor function in children with cerebral palsy?
Recommended assessment tools for evaluating motor function in children with cerebral palsy include:The General Movement ...
What initial assessments should I perform for a male patient presenting with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS)?
At initial assessment, offer men with LUTS an assessment of their general medical history to identify possible causes of LUTS and associated comorbidities. R...
What are the current guidelines for the pharmacological management of dilated cardiomyopathy in adults?
Pharmacological management of dilated cardiomyopathy (a common cause of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction) in adults involves the followin...
What are the key assessment criteria for determining the severity of a burn in a primary care setting?
In a primary care setting, the key assessment criteria for determining the severity of a burn injury include the following:Burn depth and...
What are the recommended first-line treatments for acute bursitis in adults?
First-line treatments for acute bursitis in adults focus on conservative management when the bursitis is non-septic. These include:...
What initial investigations should be conducted for a patient presenting with symptoms suggestive of Cancer of Unknown Primary (CUP)?
For a patient presenting with symptoms suggestive of cancer of unknown primary (CUP), the initial investigations should include:Comprehen...
What are the key diagnostic criteria for bulimia nervosa according to the DSM-5?
Key diagnostic criteria for bulimia nervosa according to the DSM-5 include:Recurrent episodes of binge eating, characterized by ...
What are the key clinical features that suggest a diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in a young athlete?
Key clinical features suggesting hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in a young athlete include:Exertional symptoms:...
What are the current NICE guidelines for the indications of elective caesarean sections?
Current NICE guidelines on indications for elective caesarean sections include:Elective caesarean birth should not be routinely ...
What are the recommended first-line treatments for a patient diagnosed with oral thrush?
Recommended first-line treatments for oral thrush in immunocompetent patients are topical antifungal agents, specifically miconazole oral gel or nyst...
What are the current guidelines for cervical cancer screening in women aged 25-64 in the UK?
Current guidelines for cervical cancer screening in women aged 25 to 64 years in the United Kingdom:The NHS cervical screening p...
What initial investigations should I perform for a patient presenting with menorrhagia?
Carry out a full blood count test for all women with HMB, in parallel with any HMB treatment offered. 1Consider testing for coagulation dis...
What are the recommended first-line treatments for vulvovaginal candidiasis in non-pregnant women?
Recommended first-line treatments for vulvovaginal candidiasis in non-pregnant women:Oral fluconazole 150 mg as a single dose is...
What are the key clinical signs and symptoms that indicate a patient may have cataracts and require referral?
Key clinical signs and symptoms indicating a patient may have cataracts and require referral include:Progressive visual impairme...
What clinical signs and symptoms should I assess to confirm a diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome in a patient?
To confirm a diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), assess for symptoms of numbness, tingling, and pain in the median nerve distribution...
What clinical features should I assess to differentiate cellulitis from other skin infections?
Clinical features to assess to differentiate cellulitis from other skin infections include:Presence of spreading redness and swe...
What are the indications for referring a patient with ICP to a specialist, and what information should I include in the referral?
Indications for referring a patient with increased intracranial pressure (ICP) to a specialist include:Persistent or worsening c...