What advice should I provide to patients regarding the use of over-the-counter medications for symptomatic relief of URTI?

Advice for patients on using over-the-counter (OTC) medications for symptomatic relief of upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs):

• Explain that most URTIs are self-limiting infections that resolve without the need for antimicrobials or prescription medicines, and symptoms can be managed safely at home using self-care measures including OTC medications.
• Advise patients that OTC medications such as analgesics (e.g., paracetamol or ibuprofen) can be used to relieve symptoms like fever, sore throat, and headache.
• Encourage patients to follow the dosing instructions on the medication packaging carefully and not to exceed the recommended dose.
• Inform patients that OTC cough and cold remedies may provide symptomatic relief but do not cure the infection, and their use should be cautious, especially in children.
• Advise patients to drink plenty of fluids and get sufficient rest alongside any OTC medication use.
• Emphasize the importance of seeking further medical advice if symptoms worsen, do not improve within the expected time frame, or if red flags such as breathlessness, confusion, or severe symptoms develop.
• Signpost patients to community pharmacies as accessible sources of advice on managing symptoms and appropriate use of OTC medications.
• Provide safety-netting advice including how long symptoms are likely to last, what to do if symptoms deteriorate, and when to seek medical help.

This advice supports antimicrobial stewardship by reducing inappropriate demand for antibiotics and promoting safe self-care for self-limiting infections ¹,².