clinical q&a library
Explore a database of clinical questions answered by iatroX, referencing established clinical guidelines, SmPCs, and peer-reviewed literature.
What are the referral criteria for a neurologist when EEG results suggest a seizure disorder?
Referral criteria for a neurologist when EEG results suggest a seizure disorder:Refer adults urgently (within 2 weeks) to a clin...
How should I interpret abnormal EEG findings in a patient with suspected epilepsy?
When interpreting abnormal electroencephalogram (EEG) findings in a patient with suspected epilepsy, it is essential to contextualize the EEG abnormalities w...
What are the key indications for requesting an EEG in a primary care setting?
Key indications for requesting an electroencephalogram (EEG) in a primary care setting include:If the person's history and exami...
What follow-up care is recommended for patients who have sustained electrical injuries?
Follow-up care for patients who have sustained electrical injuries includes:Monitoring for skin pressure effects from orthoses o...
What are the current NICE guidelines for the management of elbow pain due to tendinopathy in adults?
Management of elbow pain due to tendinopathy in adults according to current NICE guidelines:Offer a supervised group exercise pr...
What echocardiographic findings are most indicative of valvular heart disease?
Echocardiographic findings most indicative of valvular heart disease include structural and functional abnormalities of the heart valves such as sten...
How should I manage a patient with suspected heart failure while awaiting echocardiography results?
While awaiting echocardiography results for a patient with suspected heart failure, initial management should include a thorough clinical assessment...
How can I interpret the results of an echocardiogram to assess left ventricular function?
Interpreting echocardiogram results to assess left ventricular (LV) function involves evaluating several key parameters that reflect the heart's pump...
What are the key indications for referring a patient for echocardiography in primary care?
Key indications for referring a patient for echocardiography in primary care include:Adults presenting with a heart murmur where...
How can I effectively educate parents about the signs of complications associated with ear infections in children?
Effectively educating parents about signs of complications associated with ear infections in children involves clear communication tailored to their ...
What are the recommended treatment options for a patient with acute otitis media who is allergic to penicillin?
For a patient with acute otitis media (AOM) who is allergic to penicillin, the recommended treatment options include using alternative antibiotics that are e...
What criteria should I use to decide whether to refer a patient with chronic otitis externa to an ENT specialist?
Refer a patient with chronic otitis externa to an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialist if any of the following criteria are met:Persistent pain...
How should I manage a patient with recurrent otitis media who has not responded to first-line antibiotic treatment?
Management of a patient with recurrent otitis media who has not responded to first-line antibiotic treatment:Reassess the diagno...
What are the key clinical features that differentiate otitis externa from otitis media in children?
Key clinical features differentiating otitis externa from otitis media in children include the site and nature of symptoms, examination find...
How can I effectively counsel patients with alcoholic liver disease about the risks of continued alcohol use and the benefits of abstinence?
Effective counselling for patients with alcoholic liver disease (ALD) should focus on clearly communicating the serious risks of continued alcohol co...
What investigations are recommended for assessing the severity of liver disease in patients with a history of significant alcohol consumption?
For patients with a history of significant alcohol consumption, the recommended investigations to assess the severity of liver disease include a combination ...
What criteria should I use to determine when to refer a patient with alcoholic liver disease to a specialist for further evaluation?
Criteria for referral of a patient with alcoholic liver disease to a specialist include:Refer people to a specialist experienced...
How should I approach the management of a patient with cirrhosis due to alcohol, particularly regarding lifestyle modifications and pharmacotherapy?
Management of a patient with alcohol-related cirrhosis involves both lifestyle modifications and pharmacotherapy.Lifestyle mo...
What are the key clinical features to differentiate alcoholic hepatitis from other forms of liver disease in a primary care setting?
Key clinical features to differentiate alcoholic hepatitis from other forms of liver disease in primary care include:A history o...