clinical q&a library
Explore a database of clinical questions answered by iatroX, referencing established clinical guidelines, SmPCs, and peer-reviewed literature.
How should I initiate management for a patient with suspected wet gangrene before specialist referral?
Initial management of suspected wet gangrene before specialist referral includes:Urgent assessment and referral:...
What role does cognitive-behavioral therapy play in the management of gambling disorder?
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) plays a central role in the management of gambling disorder by reducing gambling severity and frequency. ...
When should I consider referring a patient with gambling disorder to specialist services?
Consider referring a patient with gambling disorder to specialist services when they have a greater severity of gambling-related harms or a greater severity ...
What are the recommended first-line treatment options for patients diagnosed with gambling disorder?
Recommended first-line treatment options for patients diagnosed with gambling disorder include psychological interventions, specifically gambling-spe...
How can I effectively screen for gambling disorder in patients presenting with anxiety or depression?
Effective screening for gambling disorder in patients presenting with anxiety or depression involves:Directly asking about gambl...
What criteria should I use to diagnose a gambling disorder in a primary care setting?
To diagnose a gambling disorder in a primary care setting, consider assessing the person's gambling history, including when it started, how it has progressed...
What follow-up protocols should be implemented for patients treated for gallbladder cancer to monitor for recurrence?
Follow-up protocols for patients treated for gallbladder cancer to monitor for recurrence:Currently, there are no specific UK NICE gu...
How should I approach the management of a patient diagnosed with early-stage gallbladder cancer in primary care?
In primary care, the management of a patient diagnosed with early-stage gallbladder cancer should focus on prompt referral to specialist care for comprehensi...
What are the referral criteria for a patient with suspected gallbladder cancer to a specialist for further investigation?
Referral criteria for suspected gallbladder cancer:Refer patients using a suspected cancer pathway referral if there is an upper...
Which imaging modalities are recommended for the initial evaluation of suspected gallbladder malignancy in primary care?
Ultrasound is the recommended initial imaging modality for the evaluation of suspected gallbladder malignancy in primary care, as it is the ...
What are the key clinical features that may suggest gallbladder cancer in a patient presenting with biliary symptoms?
Key clinical features that may suggest gallbladder cancer in a patient presenting with biliary symptoms include the presence of an upper abdominal mass consi...
How should I manage a patient with galactorrhoea who has elevated prolactin levels?
Management of a patient presenting with galactorrhoea and elevated prolactin levels begins with confirming the diagnosis by repeating serum ...
What referral criteria should I use for a patient with persistent gait abnormalities despite initial management?
Refer adults with persistent gait abnormalities despite initial management if they have any of the following features:Rapidly progressive unstead...
How can I differentiate between neurological and musculoskeletal causes of gait abnormalities in my patients?
To differentiate between neurological and musculoskeletal causes of gait abnormalities in patients, consider the following clinical features and asse...
Which investigations should be considered for a patient presenting with unexplained gait disturbances?
For a patient presenting with unexplained gait disturbances, the following investigations should be considered:Take a detailed alcohol history to...
What are the current guidelines for prophylaxis against fungal infections in high-risk populations, such as those undergoing chemotherapy?
Current guidelines for prophylaxis against fungal infections in high-risk populations, such as patients undergoing chemotherapy, emphasize targeted antifunga...
What are the recommended first-line antifungal treatments for patients diagnosed with invasive candidiasis?
First-line antifungal treatments for invasive candidiasis typically include echinocandins such as caspofungin, micafungin, or anidulafungin, which ar...
What pharmacological treatments are recommended for managing symptoms of functional dyspepsia in primary care?
Pharmacological treatments recommended for managing symptoms of functional dyspepsia in primary care include:Empirical full-dose...
When should I consider referring a patient with functional gastrointestinal disorders to a gastroenterologist for further evaluation?
Consider referring a patient with functional gastrointestinal disorders (such as IBS) to a gastroenterologist for further evaluation if any of the fo...