When should I consider referring a patient with pruritus ani to a specialist, and what criteria should guide this decision?
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
clinical q&a library
Explore a database of clinical questions answered by iatroX, referencing established clinical guidelines, SmPCs, and peer-reviewed literature.
What initial investigations should I consider for a patient presenting with perianal itching?
Initial investigations for a patient presenting with perianal itching should include:Careful inspection of the perian...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
How should I interpret the significance of proteinuria in the context of diabetes management?
Proteinuria in diabetes management is a critical marker indicating kidney damage and increased cardiovascular risk. Its presence suggests pr...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What lifestyle modifications should I recommend to a patient with proteinuria and hypertension?
For a patient with proteinuria and hypertension, recommend the following lifestyle modifications:Encourage a healthy diet and regular exe...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the referral criteria for a patient with significant proteinuria to a nephrologist?
Referral criteria for a patient with significant proteinuria to a nephrologist include:Adults with an albumin:creatinine ratio (...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
How do I differentiate between transient and persistent proteinuria in a primary care setting?
To differentiate between transient and persistent proteinuria in a primary care setting:Initially, confirm proteinuria using uri...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What initial investigations should I perform for a patient presenting with proteinuria?
Initial investigations for a patient presenting with proteinuria should include:Measurement of urine albumin:creatinine ratio (A...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
How does age and family history influence the decision to perform PSA testing in men?
Age and family history are important factors influencing the decision to perform prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing in men.Older...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
When should I refer a patient with elevated PSA levels for urological assessment?
Refer a patient with elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels for urological assessment if their PSA level is above the age-specific threshold...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What factors should be considered when discussing the risks and benefits of PSA testing with patients?
When discussing the risks and benefits of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing with patients, several key factors should be considered to support informed...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
How should I interpret elevated PSA levels in a patient, and what follow-up investigations are recommended?
Interpretation of elevated PSA levels: An elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level may indicate the presence of prostate cancer but is...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the current NICE guidelines for the use of PSA testing in asymptomatic men?
NICE guidelines do not recommend routine prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing in asymptomatic men. PSA testing should be considered only ...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
How can I effectively manage a patient with chronic respiratory acidosis due to COPD exacerbation in a primary care setting?
In primary care, effective management of a patient with chronic respiratory acidosis due to a COPD exacerbation involves careful clinical assessment and moni...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What lifestyle and dietary modifications can I suggest to a patient with proctitis to help manage their symptoms?
Lifestyle and dietary modifications for managing proctitis symptoms include:Maintaining a balanced diet with regular meals an...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
When should I consider referring a patient with proctitis to a specialist for further evaluation?
Consider referring a patient with proctitis to a specialist for further evaluation if:Symptoms persist despite initial managemen...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the recommended first-line treatments for proctitis caused by inflammatory bowel disease?
For proctitis caused by inflammatory bowel disease, the recommended first-line treatment to induce remission in people with a mild-to-moderate first presenta...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
How should I approach the initial investigation of a patient with suspected proctitis in primary care?
Initial investigations for suspected proctitis in primary care should begin with a thorough clinical history and examination focused on symptoms such...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the key differential diagnoses to consider in a patient presenting with symptoms of proctitis?
When a patient presents with symptoms of proctitis, key differential diagnoses to consider include infectious proctitis (caused by sexually transmitted infec...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What infection control measures should be implemented in the practice when dealing with suspected prion disease cases?
Infection control measures for managing patients with suspected prion disease in general practice include:Strict adheren...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the current guidelines for the management and supportive care of patients diagnosed with prion diseases?
Management and supportive care of patients with prion diseases primarily focus on symptomatic relief and multidisciplinary supportive interv...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →