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ModerateCardiovascularAcute pulmonary oedemauk-plab-1

A 72-year-old man with a history of myocardial infarction presents with acute severe breathlessness. He is tachypnoeic, hypertensive and has bilateral basal crackles with frothy sputum. Oxygen saturation is 89 percent on air. What is the most appropriate immediate treatment alongside high-flow oxygen and sitting him upright?

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