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ModerateCardiovascularAcute pulmonary oedema – ventilatory supportuk-plab-1

A 62-year-old man with chronic atrial fibrillation and heart failure is admitted with increasing breathlessness. Chest X-ray shows bilateral alveolar shadowing and cardiomegaly. He is hypertensive and has bibasal crackles to the upper zones. What is the most appropriate initial ventilatory support if hypoxic despite high-flow oxygen and medical therapy?

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