HardCardiologyHeart failure with reduced ejection fraction pharmacotherapyca-mccqe1ca-rcpsc-im
A 60-year-old man with long-standing hypertension and diabetes presents with gradual onset bilateral leg swelling and orthopnoea. Examination reveals elevated jugular venous pressure, bilateral basal crackles and pitting oedema. Echocardiogram shows left ventricular ejection fraction 30 percent. According to CCS heart failure guidelines, which pharmacologic combination should be part of his foundational therapy?