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HardCardiologyHeart failure with reduced ejection fractionca-mccqe1ca-rcpsc-im

A 63-year-old man with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (LVEF 30 percent) remains symptomatic with NYHA class II-III symptoms despite an ACE inhibitor and evidence-based beta-blocker at target doses. His blood pressure is 118/70 mmHg and eGFR 70 mL/min/1.73 m². According to the 2021 CCS heart failure update, which additional combination of therapies should be part of his foundational regimen, assuming no contraindications?

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