EasyCardiologyHeart failure with reduced ejection fractionau-amcau-racp
A 68-year-old man with long-standing hypertension and ischaemic heart disease presents with progressively worsening dyspnoea, orthopnoea and bilateral pitting ankle oedema. Echocardiography shows a left ventricular ejection fraction of 30% with global hypokinesis. His blood pressure is 130/80 mmHg and estimated GFR is 70 mL/min/1.73 m². Which medication class is recommended as foundational first-line disease-modifying therapy in this patient?