Executive summary
In 2025, the role of the UK pharmacist is more clinical and complex than ever. To meet the demands of modern practice, pharmacists need fast, trustworthy answers that span clinical guidelines, detailed drug information, and operational workflows. The foundational sources of truth remain the BNF and the Specialist Pharmacy Service (SPS), but a new layer of AI-powered tools is emerging to provide speed and intelligent synthesis on top of this bedrock.
The tools genuinely usable by UK pharmacists today fall into clear categories. For guideline and evidence search, platforms like iatroX (UK-centric) and OpenEvidence (global literature) offer rapid, natural-language Q&A. For deep drug information, established players like UpToDate Lexidrug and Merative Micromedex are integrating AI assists. And for embedded prescribing support within ePMA systems, FDB Multilex remains the UK market leader. However, the adoption of any of these tools into NHS workflows requires strict adherence to a clear compliance framework, including DTAC, DCB0129/0160, DSPT, and NHS England's AI governance guidance.
What UK pharmacists need from AI
- Rapid guideline lookup: Fast, reliable answers from NICE, CKS, and SIGN guidelines, alongside quick checks of the BNF for dosing, renal, or hepatic adjustments.
- Drug information and comparisons: The ability to quickly compare drug interactions, check contraindications, and generate patient information leaflets.
- Medicines optimisation: Support for identifying duplicate therapies, flagging high-risk drugs in complex regimens, and ensuring prescribing is safe and effective.
- Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS): Tools to support adherence to local and national AMS pathways, especially in the context of services like Pharmacy First.
- Medication reconciliation: AI assistance to streamline the process of medication reconciliation during patient transfers of care.
Category A — Guideline & evidence AI search
These tools are designed to be an intelligent "front door" to the vast library of clinical evidence.
iatroX (UK-centric)
- Positioning: iatroX offers a natural-language clinical search and a Knowledge Centre designed to help clinicians rapidly access and understand UK national guidance from sources like NICE and SIGN. It acts as a powerful companion to the definitive prescribing information found in the BNF and CKS, making it ideal for queries related to Pharmacy First, PGDs, and UK-specific terminology.
OpenEvidence (global; free for HCPs)
- Positioning: An AI-powered search engine that provides literature-grounded answers with clear citations. Recent peer-reviewed evaluations are emerging, and it is a useful tool for counselling patients on complex queries or creating evidence-based summaries.
Medwise AI (UK)
- Positioning: A UK-focused AI search tool designed to speed up access to clinical knowledge, with a particular emphasis on retrieving local NHS Trust guidance alongside national sources.
ClinicalKey AI (Elsevier)
- Positioning: A conversational AI built on top of Elsevier’s extensive content library, including a pharmacist-specific landing page and a trial-based access model.
Category B — Drug information & medicines decision support
These are the core, high-end databases that provide deep pharmacological information.
- UpToDate Lexidrug (formerly Lexicomp): A global leader in providing detailed drug monographs, interaction checkers, and clinical calculators. Its AI-enhanced search capabilities are being rolled out within the broader UpToDate suite.
- Merative Micromedex: A comprehensive referential content and clinical decision support tool, particularly strong in toxicology and patient education. The company has a public roadmap for AI evolution.
- FDB Multilex: The UK market-leading prescribing and dispensing decision support engine. It is not a standalone app but is the intelligence embedded within the majority of NHS ePMA and dispensing systems, providing real-time safety alerts.
Category C — Workflow AI for pharmacy
This emerging category focuses on automating operational pharmacy tasks.
- Medication reconciliation: Research prototypes and early-stage commercial tools are using AI to automate the comparison of medication lists during patient transfers, flagging discrepancies for pharmacist review (MedRxiv, PMC).
- Discharge documentation automation: NHS pilots are using AI to extract medication lists and diagnoses from discharge summaries to speed up the reconciliation process, though pharmacist verification remains a mandatory final step (The Guardian).
- Antimicrobial stewardship: There is a strong policy push for better AMS. AI decision-support tools are being developed to help pharmacists monitor antibiotic use and promote adherence to guidelines (GOV.UK, PMC).
Safety & compliance for NHS deployment
Before adopting any AI tool in an NHS setting, a robust governance check is essential.
- DTAC (Digital Technology Assessment Criteria): The national baseline for procurement, covering clinical safety, data protection, cybersecurity, interoperability, and usability.
- DCB0129 / DCB0160: These are the mandatory clinical risk management standards. The supplier must provide a DCB0129 safety case, and the adopting organisation must complete a local DCB0160 safety case.
- DSPT (Data Security and Protection Toolkit): All organisations processing NHS patient data must complete the DSPT to the "Standards Met" level.
- NHS AI & IG Guidance: Any AI deployment must have a Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA) and adhere to NHS England's information governance guidance.
Comparative snapshot
| Tool | Primary Use | Free Status | UK Focus | Best for | Caveats |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| iatroX | UK Guideline Search | Free | UK-centric | NICE/CKS/SIGN/BNF look-ups | Early-stage integrations |
| OpenEvidence | Evidence Search | Free (HCP) | Global | Literature-grounded answers | US-tilted corpus |
| ClinicalKey AI | Evidence Search | Trial/Paid | Global | Pharmacist workflows | Converts to paid subscription |
| Lexidrug | Drug Information | Paid | Global/UK Use | In-depth monographs | Enterprise licensing |
| Micromedex | Drug Information | Paid | Global/UK Use | Toxicology/Patient Ed | Enterprise licensing |
| FDB Multilex | ePMA CDS | Enterprise | UK | Embedded prescribing safety | Not a standalone app |
Practical playbooks
- Community pharmacy: Shortlist AI tools for patient triage, AMS prompts, and counselling support. Ensure your annual DSPT is at "Standards Met." Request a DTAC pack and DCB0129 summary from any potential vendor.
- Hospital pharmacy / ePMA: Prioritise deeply embedded CDS tools like FDB Multilex. Ensure any new tool has a full DCB0160 safety case signed off by your Clinical Safety Officer before it is integrated.
- ICB medicines optimisation: Use data from the NHSBSA Pharmacy First and AMS dashboards to target areas for improvement, then evaluate how AI-assisted tools could support those specific pathways.
Risks, limits, and how to mitigate them
- Automation bias: Mitigate by creating a culture where the pharmacist-in-the-loop is non-negotiable. Always verify critical information against a primary source like the BNF or SPS. Prefer tools that provide explicit citations.
- Data protection: Mitigate by running a full DPIA as per NHS AI/IG guidance. Never use consumer-grade tools for patient-identifiable data.
- Evidence maturity: Mitigate by assessing the evidence claims of any new tool against the NICE ESF and running small, contained local pilots before committing to a large-scale rollout.
FAQs
- Is there a genuinely free AI tool pharmacists can use today?
- Yes, iatroX (which is UK-centric and free for all) and OpenEvidence (which is free for verified healthcare professionals) are the two main options for evidence and guideline search.
- Do I need DTAC/DCB for pharmacy AI?
- Yes, for any tool being deployed in an NHS setting, the DTAC is the baseline procurement standard, and the DCB0129/0160 standards are mandatory for assuring clinical safety.
- What should remain my ground truth for medicines?
- The BNF and the Specialist Pharmacy Service (SPS) are the definitive sources of truth for UK medicines practice. Use AI as an accelerator to get to the right information faster, not as a replacement for these core resources.