Assessment and initial management: Asthma exacerbation is an acute or subacute worsening of symptoms and lung function from usual status, which may be life-threatening NICE CKS. Initial assessment includes asking about symptom nature, triggers, medication use, and previous exacerbations, supported by clinical examination for wheeze and objective lung function tests if possible NICE CKS,NICE NG245.
Pharmacological treatment: For people aged 12 and over, NICE recommends use of anti-inflammatory reliever (AIR) therapy or maintenance and reliever therapy (MART) with an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)/formoterol combination inhaler for both maintenance and relief NICE CKS,NICE NG245. This approach reduces exacerbation rates and provides rapid symptom relief SmPC WockAIR,SmPC Symbicort,SmPC Fobumix.
Follow-up and review: After an exacerbation, patients should be reviewed within 2 working days by a healthcare professional trained in asthma management NICE CKS,NICE NG245. This review should assess inhaler technique, adherence, asthma control, and include an updated personalised asthma action plan NICE CKS,NICE NG245.
Severe exacerbations and hospital care: Severe exacerbations may require hospital treatment with oxygen, nebulised bronchodilators, and systemic corticosteroids NICE CKS,NHS Asthma. Oral corticosteroids should be used promptly when indicated, including during pregnancy, as benefits outweigh risks NICE NG245,NHS Asthma.
Monitoring and prevention: Ongoing asthma management involves regular assessment, optimising treatment, controlling modifiable risk factors, and educational support to reduce future exacerbations NICE CKS,NICE NG245.
Key References
- NICE CKS: Asthma
- NICE NG245: Asthma: diagnosis, monitoring and chronic asthma management (BTS, NICE, SIGN)
- NICE NG115: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in over 16s: diagnosis and management
- NHS: Asthma
- SmPC: WockAIR 160 micrograms/4.5 micrograms inhalation powder
- SmPC: Symbicort Turbohaler 200/6 Inhalation powder
- SmPC: Osmohale Inhalation Powder, Hard Capsule
- SmPC: Fobumix Easyhaler 160/4.5 inhalation powder