How can I effectively educate patients about the risks of antibiotic misuse and the importance of adherence to prescribed courses?

Educate patients about the risks of antibiotic misuse by explaining that inappropriate use can lead to antimicrobial resistance, making infections harder to treat in the future. Emphasise that antibiotics should only be used as prescribed and not shared with others or saved for later use.

Provide clear verbal advice and written materials on how to take antibiotics correctly, including the correct dose, timing, and duration of the course. Inform patients about the importance of completing the full prescribed course even if they feel better to prevent resistance and relapse.

Advise patients on safe disposal of unused antibiotics by returning them to pharmacies rather than flushing them down sinks or toilets.

Offer safety-netting advice by explaining how long symptoms are likely to last with and without antibiotics, what to do if symptoms worsen, and when to seek further medical advice. This helps patients understand when antibiotics are necessary and supports self-care for self-limiting infections.

Use evidence-based resources such as leaflets, posters, and digital tools tailored to patients’ literacy and language needs to reinforce messages. Encourage patients to ask questions and involve them in decisions about their treatment to improve adherence.