What lifestyle modifications should I advise patients with melasma to help manage their condition?

Lifestyle modifications for patients with melasma to help manage their condition include:

• Strict sun protection: Advise patients to minimise exposure to sunlight, especially during peak UV radiation times, as UV exposure exacerbates melasma pigmentation. This includes seeking shade, wearing protective clothing made of close-weave fabrics, and using broad-spectrum sunscreens regularly.
• Use of suitable clothing: Recommend wearing hats and clothing that cover the skin to reduce UV exposure, which can worsen melasma.
• Consistent sun safety messaging: Provide clear, culturally appropriate information tailored to the patient’s skin type and lifestyle to ensure understanding and adherence to sun protection measures.

These lifestyle changes aim to reduce UV-induced pigmentation and prevent worsening of melasma while balancing the need to avoid vitamin D deficiency.

Note: While specific melasma guidelines were not provided, these recommendations are extrapolated from NICE guidance on sunlight exposure risks and benefits, which emphasises sun protection for pigmentary conditions and skin health.

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