How should I assess an infant for potential associated anomalies when cryptorchidism is diagnosed?

When cryptorchidism is diagnosed in an infant, a thorough assessment for potential associated anomalies should be undertaken. This includes a detailed physical examination focusing on the genitalia to identify any concurrent abnormalities such as hypospadias, which is commonly associated with cryptorchidism and may indicate broader disorders of sexual development Hua et al. 2018. Additionally, measuring anogenital distance can provide further insight into androgen exposure and developmental anomalies Hua et al. 2018. A comprehensive clinical history and examination should also evaluate for syndromic features or other congenital anomalies, as cryptorchidism can be part of multisystem conditions. Referral for specialist paediatric urology or endocrinology assessment is recommended if additional anomalies or atypical genitalia are present, to guide further investigations including hormonal and genetic testing as appropriate NICE CG156. This integrated approach ensures early identification of associated anomalies, enabling timely management and follow-up tailored to the infant’s needs.