How can I effectively counsel patients on lifestyle modifications to slow the progression of AMD?

Advise patients to stop smoking as this reduces the risk of AMD progression in people with existing disease ¹.

Encourage a healthy, balanced diet that is low in glycaemic index and rich in fruits, green leafy vegetables, and fish high in omega-3 fatty acids, although there is no firm evidence that this helps slow AMD progression ¹.

Advise modification of cardiovascular risk factors such as lowering cholesterol, reducing saturated fat intake, and controlling hypertension, as these are sensible measures unlikely to cause harm ¹.

Discuss the potential use of dietary supplements containing vitamins and minerals that act as antioxidants, which may help prevent cellular damage in the retina, especially for those with intermediate or advanced AMD, as advised by their ophthalmologist ¹.