What criteria should I use to decide whether to refer a patient with a severe reaction to an insect sting to secondary care?

Guideline-aligned answer with reasoning, red flags and references. Clinically reviewed by Dr Kola Tytler MBBS CertHE MBA MRCGP.

Posted: 16 August 2025Updated: 16 August 2025 Guideline-Aligned (High Confidence) Clinically Reviewed
Dr Kola Tytler MBBS CertHE MBA MRCGPClinical Lead • iatroX

Refer a patient with a severe insect sting reaction to secondary care if they have had a suspected systemic hypersensitivity or toxic reaction to an insect sting or bite .

Arrange immediate admission to Accident and Emergency for anyone who is suspected of having a systemic hypersensitivity or toxic reaction, or has had a previous systemic allergic reaction to the same type of sting .

Refer if the patient has been stung on the mouth, throat, or tongue and is at risk of airway obstruction, or around the eyes with risk of compromised vision .

Refer if cellulitis is associated with systemic effects or worsening despite treatment in primary care .

Arrange referral for people stung by an unusual insect or from tropical/sub-tropical areas, or if they have systemic effects such as fever or persistent lesions, especially if the sting occurred abroad .

In cases of suspected anaphylaxis, after emergency treatment, refer to a specialist allergy service for further investigation and management .

Educational content only. Always verify information and use clinical judgement.