What initial investigations should I perform for a patient presenting with visible haematuria?

For a patient presenting with visible haematuria, initial investigations should be guided by the patient's sex, age, and any associated symptoms. If a urinary tract infection (UTI) is suspected, a urine sample for culture and susceptibility testing should be sent before starting antibiotic treatment, where appropriate ¹. For men with visible haematuria, a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test and digital rectal examination (DRE) should be considered ⁴. For women aged 55 years and over with visible haematuria accompanied by low haemoglobin levels, thrombocytosis, high blood glucose levels, or unexplained vaginal discharge, a direct access ultrasound scan should be considered ⁴.