Which patients with breast pain should be referred for further investigation, such as imaging or specialist assessment?

Guideline-aligned answer with reasoning, red flags and references. Clinically reviewed by Dr Kola Tytler MBBS CertHE MBA MRCGP.

Posted: 16 August 2025Updated: 16 August 2025 Guideline-Aligned (High Confidence) Clinically Reviewed
Dr Kola Tytler MBBS CertHE MBA MRCGPClinical Lead • iatroX

Patients presenting with breast pain should be referred for further investigation, such as imaging or specialist assessment, if they meet any of the following criteria:

  • Women aged 30 years and over with an unexplained breast lump, with or without pain, should be referred urgently using a suspected cancer pathway referral (2-week wait) ,.
  • Women aged under 30 years with an unexplained breast lump, with or without pain, should be considered for a non-urgent referral ,.
  • Women aged 50 years and over with any of the following symptoms in one nipple only: discharge, retraction, or other changes of concern, should be referred urgently .
  • Patients with skin changes suggestive of breast cancer or an unexplained lump in the axilla aged 30 years and over should be considered for urgent referral .
  • Women with persistent breast masses, especially if there are clinical features of concern or uncertainty about the diagnosis, should be referred for specialist assessment to exclude breast cancer ,.
  • Women with breast pain severe enough to affect quality of life or sleep and not responding to first-line treatment after 3 months may be referred to a breast specialist for further management .
  • Women with suspected breast abscess should be referred urgently to a general surgeon .

Reassurance and conservative management are appropriate for cyclical breast pain without concerning features, but persistent or suspicious symptoms warrant referral.

Educational content only. Always verify information and use clinical judgement.