Educate patients about the risk factors for acute kidney injury (AKI) by explaining that the risk is increased with conditions such as chronic kidney disease, heart failure, liver disease, diabetes, neurological or cognitive impairment, and during acute illnesses like diarrhoea, vomiting, or dehydration NICE CKS.
Advise patients that certain medications, including over-the-counter NSAIDs, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, diuretics, and herbal remedies, can increase their risk, especially if they are unwell or dehydrated NICE CKS.
Inform them that the risk is higher if they have a history of AKI or are over 65 years old NICE CKS.
Emphasize the importance of early recognition by instructing patients to seek urgent medical advice if they experience symptoms such as diarrhoea, vomiting, or signs of dehydration, or if they are acutely unwell NICE CKS.
Encourage patients to be aware of the need to temporarily stop certain medications during illness and to follow 'sick day' guidance to prevent AKI NICE CKS.
Highlight the importance of regular monitoring of kidney function in at-risk individuals and the need for prompt medical review if they notice reduced urine output or other concerning symptoms NICE CKS.