Advise patients with functional dyspepsia to avoid known irritants such as alcohol, caffeine, fruit juices, carbonated drinks, chocolate, and fatty and spicy foods, and to keep a food diary to identify triggers NICE CKS.
Encourage weight management if overweight or obese, as this may help reduce symptoms NICE CKS.
Recommend eating smaller, more frequent meals and avoiding eating late at night or less than 3 hours before bedtime NICE CKS.
Advise raising the head of the bed by 10–15 cm to help reduce symptoms NICE CKS.
Suggest sleeping on the left side rather than on the right side or supine position NICE CKS.
Advise stopping smoking if applicable, as smoking increases gastric acid output and delays gastric emptying NICE CKS.
Encourage stress management and psychological well-being, including relaxation strategies and considering psychological therapies if appropriate, as stress and anxiety may worsen symptoms NICE CKS.