What are the current guidelines for the management of diabetes-related complications in patients with Type 1 Diabetes?

Management of diabetes-related complications in patients with Type 1 Diabetes includes:

• Regular screening for microvascular complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy to detect early abnormalities that can be potentially reversed by improved blood glucose control ¹,².
• Monitoring HbA1c levels to help prevent long-term microvascular complications ¹,².
• Assessing and managing diabetic kidney disease through annual urine albumin:creatinine ratio testing and eGFR measurement, with treatment adjustments for albuminuria and blood pressure control ³.
• Providing advice on managing diabetic retinopathy, including referral for eye screening and emergency review for sudden vision loss or retinal detachment ³.
• Addressing macrovascular risk factors such as dyslipidaemia, hypertension, smoking, and obesity, although macrovascular complications are less of a concern in children and young people ¹,².
• Managing diabetic neuropathy with simple analgesics for painful neuropathy, and considering treatment for neuropathic pain if analgesics are insufficient ³.
• Screening for and managing other autoimmune conditions such as coeliac disease, thyroid disease, and Addison's disease ³.
• Providing psychological and social support, as children and young people with type 1 diabetes are at increased risk of emotional and behavioural difficulties ¹,².
• Addressing dental health, including routine dental hygiene and screening for periodontitis, which can impact blood glucose control ¹,².

In case of acute complications such as diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), management includes prompt hospital admission, intravenous insulin, fluid and electrolyte correction, and close monitoring ¹,²,³.