Advise patients to adopt a healthy diet that is rich in polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats, and to reduce intake of fast-absorbed carbohydrates and alcohol, which can help improve lipid profiles and blood glucose control NICE CKS.
Recommend a calorie-reduced diet for overweight or obese patients, aiming for gradual weight loss of 5-10% over one year, which can help reduce the risk of complications NICE CKS.
Encourage at least 5 portions of fruit and vegetables daily to promote overall health and blood glucose management NICE CKS.
Advise on engaging in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, including a combination of aerobic and resistance exercises for at least 150 minutes per week, as this improves blood glucose control, lipid levels, blood pressure, and reduces cardiovascular risk NICE CKS.
Support weight management through gradual calorie reduction and physical activity, with structured weight-loss programmes for those with BMI ≥30 kg/m2 (or ≥27.5 kg/m2 for South Asian or Chinese populations) NICE CKS.
Advise patients to reduce salt intake and avoid smoking, as these are beneficial for cardiovascular health NICE CKS.
Provide information on local opportunities for physical activity and consider referral to exercise schemes if appropriate NICE CKS.
Encourage patients to limit alcohol intake, especially if they are on medications that increase hypoglycaemia risk NICE CKS.