What lifestyle interventions should I advise for patients newly diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes?

Advise patients to adopt a healthy diet that is rich in polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats, and to reduce intake of fast-absorbed carbohydrates and alcohol, which can help improve lipid profiles and blood glucose control ¹.

Recommend a calorie-reduced diet for overweight or obese patients, aiming for gradual weight loss of 5-10% over one year, which can help reduce the risk of complications ¹.

Encourage at least 5 portions of fruit and vegetables daily to promote overall health and blood glucose management ¹.

Advise on engaging in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, including a combination of aerobic and resistance exercises for at least 150 minutes per week, as this improves blood glucose control, lipid levels, blood pressure, and reduces cardiovascular risk ¹.

Support weight management through gradual calorie reduction and physical activity, with structured weight-loss programmes for those with BMI ≥30 kg/m2 (or ≥27.5 kg/m2 for South Asian or Chinese populations) ¹.

Advise patients to reduce salt intake and avoid smoking, as these are beneficial for cardiovascular health ¹.

Provide information on local opportunities for physical activity and consider referral to exercise schemes if appropriate ¹.

Encourage patients to limit alcohol intake, especially if they are on medications that increase hypoglycaemia risk ¹.