diagnosis of schizophrenia

The diagnosis of schizophrenia involves a comprehensive multidisciplinary assessment that addresses multiple domains. This assessment should include psychiatric evaluation, a review of medical history and physical examination to rule out organic causes, and an evaluation of physical health and well-being ⁵. It is also crucial to assess psychological and psychosocial factors, including social networks, relationships, and history of trauma, as well as developmental, social, occupational, and educational aspects ⁵. A thorough assessment of risk to self and others is also a critical component ²,³. For individuals presenting with psychotic symptoms, a referral to a specialist mental health service or an early intervention in psychosis service is recommended without delay ⁵. Structural neuroimaging techniques are not routinely recommended as part of initial investigations for first-episode psychosis according to NICE technology appraisal guidance ⁵. However, it is important to monitor for coexisting conditions such as depression, anxiety, and substance misuse, particularly in the early stages of treatment ⁵.