How do I interpret the results of plasma free metanephrines in the diagnosis of phaeochromocytoma?
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
clinical q&a library
Explore a database of clinical questions answered by iatroX, referencing established clinical guidelines, SmPCs, and peer-reviewed literature.
What is the recommended referral pathway for a patient with suspected ovarian cancer in primary care?
In primary care, if a woman reports symptoms suggestive of ovarian cancer—such as persistent abdominal distension, feeling full, pelvic or abdominal pain, or...
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
What criteria should I use to determine when to refer a patient for suspected pancreatic cancer?
Refer patients for suspected pancreatic cancer if they are aged 40 years and over with jaundice, as per NICE guidelines 1. Consider urgent ...
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the indications for referral to a specialist in cases of chronic pancreatitis?
Referral to a specialist in cases of chronic pancreatitis should be considered if there are:Uncontrolled or recurrent symptoms, ...
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the recommended diagnostic criteria for confirming a diagnosis of Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) in primary care?
Recommended diagnostic criteria for confirming Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) in primary care include:Assess for symptoms sug...
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the indications for referring a patient with OCD to specialist mental health services?
Patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) should be referred to specialist mental health services in the following situations:Sev...
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
Which imaging studies are recommended for patients with neck pain and neurological symptoms?
For patients presenting with neck pain accompanied by neurological symptoms, the recommended imaging study is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the cervica...
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the key clinical signs and symptoms to consider when diagnosing peritonitis in a primary care setting?
Key clinical signs and symptoms to consider when diagnosing peritonitis in a primary care setting include:Severe abdomin...
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
How should I assess and manage a patient presenting with acute low back pain in primary care?
Assessment: When a patient presents with acute low back pain (less than 3 months duration) in primary care, first perform a risk stratificat...
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the recommended screening protocols for occupational exposure to hazardous substances?
For individuals with occupational exposure to hazardous substances, recommended screening protocols focus on early detection of exposure effects and preventi...
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
How should I manage a patient presenting with severe nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy?
Management of severe nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy:Assess the severity of symptoms and consider the possibility of hype...
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the recommended topical treatments for managing pityriasis versicolor in adults?
Recommended topical treatments for managing pityriasis versicolor in adult patients include:Ketoconazole 2% shampoo:...
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the key diagnostic criteria for identifying personality disorders in adults according to NICE guidelines?
Key diagnostic criteria for identifying personality disorders in adults according to NICE guidelines include:Presence of endurin...
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the key symptoms and signs that should prompt me to consider ovarian cancer in a patient?
Key symptoms and signs that should prompt consideration of ovarian cancer include:Persistent or frequent abdominal diste...
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the key symptoms and signs that should raise suspicion for pancreatic cancer in a primary care setting?
Key symptoms and signs raising suspicion for pancreatic cancer in primary care include:Abdominal pain with unexplained weight lo...
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
How should I approach the management of pain in a patient with chronic pancreatitis?
Manage pain in chronic pancreatitis by initially offering paracetamol or a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) for mild-to-moderate pain, considering...
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the recommended follow-up protocols for a patient diagnosed with a low-lying placenta at the 20-week scan?
A patient diagnosed with a low-lying placenta at the 20-week ultrasound scan should have a follow-up ultrasound scan around 28 weeks, but no later than 29 we...
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the key ultrasound features that differentiate between benign and malignant ovarian cysts?
Key ultrasound features differentiating benign from malignant ovarian cysts include cyst morphology, wall characteristics, internal structure, and va...
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the key principles of communication with patients and families regarding palliative care options?
Key principles of communication with patients and their families regarding palliative care options include:Effective, ho...
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
What investigations are recommended for a patient with proteinuria and normal renal function?
For a patient presenting with proteinuria with normal renal function (eGFR ≥ 60 ml/min/1.73 m²), the recommended investigations are:Measure prote...
16 Aug 2025View Answer →